Theories of Human Rights — KSLU Hr Notes

Theories of Human Rights

flowchart TD
    HR["Theories of Human Rights"]:::root
    HR --> NL["Natural Law Theory — Locke, Aquinas, Grotius"]:::theory
    HR --> POS["Positivist Theory — Austin, Bentham"]:::theory
    HR --> SC["Social Contract Theory — Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau"]:::theory
    HR --> UT["Utilitarian Theory — Bentham, J.S. Mill"]:::theory
    HR --> MAR["Marxist Theory — Karl Marx"]:::theory
    HR --> SW["Social Welfare Theory — Roscoe Pound"]:::theory
    HR --> EQ["Liberal Equality Theory — Dworkin, Rawls"]:::theory

    classDef root fill:#FFF8DC,stroke:#000,stroke-width:1px,color:#000;
    classDef theory fill:#E6F3FF,stroke:#1E3A8A,stroke-width:1px,color:#000;
    linkStyle default stroke:#888,stroke-width:1px;
TheoryCore IdeaModern Echo
Natural LawRights come from human nature / God / reasonArt. 1 UDHR — “born free”
PositivistOnly state-made law creates rightsStatutory rights; Art. 21 Constitution
Social ContractPeople surrender some freedom for State protectionPreamble, Indian Constitution
UtilitarianGreatest good of greatest numberDPSPs — Part IV, Indian Constitution
MarxistRights protect workers from capital exploitationICESCR; Right to Work
Social WelfareLaw balances competing social interestsReasonable restrictions — Art. 19(2)
Liberal EqualityEqual concern and respect for all personsArt. 14; NALSA v. UoI (2014)

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