Law of Torts Notes for LLB — Maxims & Consumer Protection Act
📑 Course: KSLU LL.B. (3-Year / 5-Year) • Semester: 1st Semester • Subject: Law of Torts “A tort is a civil wrong for which the remedy is a common-law action for unliquidated damages.” — Salmond
Free, exam-ready Law of Torts notes for LL.B., organised topic-by-topic — concise notes, comparison charts, previous-year questions, landmark cases and solved IRAC problems. Pick any topic below.
📘 Nature of Tort & the Maxims
- What is a Tort? — Definition, Essentials & Tort vs Crime vs Contract
- Damnum Sine Injuria & Injuria Sine Damno + Ubi Jus Ibi Remedium
🛡️ Defences & Vicarious Liability
⚖️ Negligence, Nuisance & Liability Without Fault
- Negligence — Duty, Breach & Damage
- Res Ipsa Loquitur — “The Thing Speaks for Itself”
- Nuisance — Public & Private
- Strict Liability — The Rule in Rylands v Fletcher
- Absolute Liability — M.C. Mehta v Union of India
- Remoteness of Damage, Remedies & Liability for Animals
👤 Specific Torts
- Trespass to the Person — Assault, Battery & False Imprisonment
- Defamation — Libel, Slander & Defences
- Malicious Prosecution, Conspiracy & Domestic Rights
- Trespass to Land & Goods (Detinue, Conversion)
🛒 Consumer & Motor Accident Law
Landmark Case Laws
Full one-page briefs — facts, issue, held and why it matters — for every case the KSLU examiner keeps returning to:
| Case Name | Key Exam Concept | Quick Link |
|---|---|---|
| Ashby v White (1703) | A right violated is actionable without loss | Read Brief |
| Gloucester Grammar School Case (1410) | Lawful competition causes no legal injury | Read Brief |
| Bhim Singh v State of J&K (1985) | The Indian Ashby v White | Read Brief |
| Bradford Corporation v Pickles (1895) | Motive is irrelevant | Read Brief |
| Mogul Steamship Co. v McGregor (1892) | Lawful trade combination | Read Brief |
| Chasemore v Richards (1859) | Lawful use of one’s own land | Read Brief |
| Limpus v London General Omnibus Co. (1862) | A forbidden mode is still employment | Read Brief |
| Beard v London General Omnibus Co. (1900) | An act outside the sphere | Read Brief |
| Smith v Baker & Sons (1891) | Knowledge is not consent | Read Brief |
| Haynes v Harwood (1935) | The rescuer is not volens | Read Brief |
| Kasturi Lal v State of U.P. (1965) | The high-water mark of sovereign immunity | Read Brief |
| State of Rajasthan v Vidyawati (1962) | The State as an ordinary employer | Read Brief |
| Stanley v Powell (1891) | Inevitable accident | Read Brief |
| Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) | The neighbour principle | Read Brief |
| Rylands v Fletcher (1868) | Strict liability | Read Brief |
| M.C. Mehta v Union of India (1987) | Absolute liability | Read Brief |
| Bolton v Stone (1951) | The magnitude of the risk | Read Brief |
| The Wagon Mound (1961) | Foreseeability governs remoteness | Read Brief |
| MCD v Subhagwanti (1966) | res ipsa loquitur | Read Brief |
| Wilkinson v Downton (1897) | Intentional infliction of nervous shock | Read Brief |
| Youssoupoff v MGM Pictures (1934) | Innuendo and identification | Read Brief |
| Bird v Jones (1845) | Imprisonment must be total | Read Brief |
| Stephens v Myers (1830) | Assault without contact | Read Brief |
| Mahender Ram v Harnandan Prasad (1958) | Publication through a third person | Read Brief |
| Quinn v Leathem (1901) | Conspiracy to injure | Read Brief |
| D.P. Choudhary v Manjulata (1997) | Libel of a young woman | Read Brief |
| Indian Medical Association v V.P. Shantha (1995) | Medicine is a “service” | Read Brief |
| Lucknow Development Authority v M.K. Gupta (1994) | Statutory bodies are within the Act | Read Brief |
| Sarla Verma v Delhi Transport Corporation (2009) | The multiplier method | Read Brief |
✏️ Practice
- 10 Solved Problems (IRAC Method) — exam-style problems worked in full
- Past Questions & Exam Topics — previously-asked questions, mapped to topics
📥 Download the PDF
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📗 Study Notes (all universities) — ₹149 — the complete Law of Torts study notes for all 5 units (topic notes, landmark cases and charts) in one printable PDF, for LL.B. students anywhere in India.
🆓 Free sample: Download a notes sample (free PDF)
📚 Notes + Question Bank — KSLU exam pack — ₹199 — everything in the Notes plus a Question Bank of model answers to every past KSLU essay and 50+ solved IRAC problems.
🆓 Free sample: Download Unit 1 (free PDF)