Environmental Law
“The right to live is a fundamental right under Article 21 … and it includes the right of enjoyment of pollution-free water and air.” — Subhash Kumar v State of Bihar (1991)
Free, exam-ready Environmental Law notes for LL.B. — concise topic notes, comparison charts, landmark cases and solved IRAC problems. Pick any topic below.
Unit I — The Idea of Environment
- Environment — Meaning, Definition, Components and Ecosystem Services
- Pollution — Meaning, Sources, Kinds and Effects
- Greenhouse Effect, Global Warming and Ozone Depletion
- Ancient and Medieval Writings — Environmental Ethics and Kautilyan Jurisprudence
- Environmental Jurisprudence
- National Environmental Policy, 2006
- Biodiversity
- Wetlands
Unit II — Environmental Policy & Law, Constitution & Doctrines
- Pre- and Post-Independence Environmental Policy and Legislative History
- Right to Environment — Article 21
- Constitutional Provisions and the Duty to Protect — Articles 48A, 51A(g) and 19(1)(g)
- Public Interest Litigation and the Environment
- Role of the Judiciary — Writ Jurisdiction and Judicial Activism
- Environmental Doctrines — Overview
- Doctrine of Absolute Liability
- Doctrine of Polluter Pays
- Doctrine of Precautionary Principle
- Doctrine of Inter-Generational Equity
- Doctrine of Public Trust
Unit III — International Law & Environmental Protection
- Sustainable Development — Meaning, Principles and the Role of the Courts
- Stockholm Declaration, 1972 — The Magna Carta of the Human Environment
- Rio Earth Summit, 1992 and Agenda 21
- Johannesburg Summit, 2002
- Trans-boundary Pollution, India’s International Obligations and the Kyoto Protocol
- Common-Law Remedies — Nuisance, Negligence, Trespass and Strict Liability
- Criminal Law and the Environment — Public Nuisance under s. 133 CrPC and s. 268 IPC
Unit IV — Prevention & Control of Water & Air Pollution; Wildlife & Forest
- Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
- Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
- Pollution Control Boards — Central and State
- Offences and Penalties under the Pollution Laws
- Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000
- Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
- Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980
- Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960
Unit V — Environment (Protection) Act 1986 & Allied
- Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 — The Umbrella Act
- The ECO-Mark Scheme
- Environmental Audit and the Environmental Statement
- Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification
- Environmental Impact Assessment — The Two Models
- Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998
- Solid-Waste Disposal and the Recycled Plastics Rules, 1999
- EPA-Allied Bodies — PLI Act 1991 and the NEAA
✏️ Practice
- 10 Solved Problems (IRAC Method) — KSLU-style problems worked in full
- KSLU Past Questions & Exam Topics
Download the Environmental Law Complete Bundle + Question Bank — ₹199 — the full study notes plus a Question Bank of model answers (essays + problems) for every previously-asked KSLU question, in one printable PDF for all 5 units.
🆓 Free sample: Download Unit 1 (free PDF)