CPC & Limitation Act
“Procedure is the handmaid, not the mistress, of justice.” — a settled principle of civil procedure
Free, exam-ready CPC & Limitation Act notes for LL.B. — concise topic notes, comparison charts, landmark cases and solved IRAC problems. Pick any topic below.
Unit I — Jurisdiction, Res Judicata, Foreign Judgments & Place of Suing
- Procedural vs Substantive Law; History, Extent & Definitions
- Jurisdiction of Civil Courts — Kinds & Bar on Suits
- Suits of a Civil Nature (s.9)
- Res Sub Judice — Stay of Suits (s.10)
- Res Judicata & Constructive Res Judicata (ss.11–12)
- Foreign Judgments (ss.13–14)
- Place of Suing & Objection to Jurisdiction (ss.15–21)
- Transfer of Cases (ss.22–25)
Unit II — Institution of Suits, Pleadings & Parties
- Institution of Suits & Stages of a Suit
- Summons & Modes of Service
- Interest, Costs & Mesne Profits
- Pleadings — Fundamental Rules
- Plaint — Parts, Return & Rejection
- Written Statement, Set-off & Counter-claim
- Parties — Joinder, Misjoinder & Non-joinder; Frame of Suit
Unit III — Trial, Judgment & Execution
- Appearance, Examination & Non-appearance of Parties; Ex-parte Decree (O.9, O.18)
- Discovery, Inspection & Production of Documents (O.11, O.13)
- First Hearing & Framing of Issues (O.10, O.14)
- Admissions & Affidavits (O.12, O.19)
- Adjournment (O.17)
- Death, Marriage & Insolvency of Parties (O.22)
- Withdrawal & Compromise of Suits (O.23)
- Judgment & Decree (O.20); Decree vs Order
- Execution of Decrees — Modes, Attachment & Sale (ss.36–74, O.21)
Unit IV — Special Suits, Interim Orders, Appeals & Inherent Powers
- Suits by or against Government & Public Officers (ss.79–82, O.27)
- Suits by or against Aliens, Foreign Rulers & Ambassadors (ss.85–87)
- Suits Relating to Public Matters — Public Nuisance & Charities (ss.91–93)
- Suits by or against Firms (O.30)
- Suits by or against Minors & Persons of Unsound Mind (O.32)
- Suits by Indigent Persons (O.33)
- Interpleader Suits (s.88, O.35)
- Commissions (s.75, O.26)
- Arrest & Attachment before Judgment (O.38)
- Temporary Injunctions (O.39)
- Appointment of Receivers (O.40)
- Appeals — First, Second & to the Supreme Court (ss.96–112, O.41–45)
- Reference, Review & Revision (ss.113–115, O.46–47)
- Caveat (s.148A)
- Inherent Powers & Interlocutory Orders (ss.148–151, s.94)
Unit V — The Limitation Act, 1963
- Scheme, Objects & ‘Bars the Remedy, Not the Right’ (ss.2–3)
- Sufficient Cause & Condonation of Delay (s.5)
- Legal Disability (ss.6–8)
- Computation of Limitation & Effect of Fraud/Mistake (ss.4, 12–17)
- Continuous Running of Time; Effect of Subsequent Disability (s.9)
- Acknowledgment & Effect of Part-payment (ss.18–19)
- Adverse Possession, Extinguishment of Right (s.27) & Distinction from Estoppel
Landmark Case Laws
Full one-page briefs — facts, issue, held and why it matters:
- Daryao v State of U.P. (1961)
- Satyadhyan Ghosal v Deorajin Debi (1960)
- Kiran Singh v Chaman Paswan (1954)
- Hakam Singh v Gammon (India) Ltd. (1971)
- Y. Narasimha Rao v Y. Venkata Lakshmi (1991)
- Dhulabhai v State of Madhya Pradesh (1969)
- Most Rev. P.M.A. Metropolitan v Moran Mar Marthoma (1995)
- Indian Bank v Maharashtra State Coop. Marketing Federation (1998)
- Gulabchand Chhotalal Parikh v State of Gujarat (1965)
- A.B.C. Laminart Pvt. Ltd. v A.P. Agencies (1989)
- Satya v Teja Singh (1975)
- Guda Vijayalakshmi v Guda Ramachandra Sekhara Sastry (1981)
- Gurbux Singh v Bhooralal (1964)
- Ganesh Trading Co. v Moji Ram (1978)
- Kailash v Nanhku (2005)
- Salem Advocate Bar Association (II) v Union of India (2005)
- T. Arivandandam v T.V. Satyapal (1977)
- Church of Christ Charitable Trust v Ponniamman Educational Trust (2012)
- Laxmidas Dayabhai Kabrawala v Nanabhai Chunilal Kabrawala (1964)
- Kasturi v Iyyamperumal (2005)
- Razia Begum v Sahebzadi Anwar Begum (1958)
- Lucy Kochuvareed v P. Mariappa Gounder (1979)
- Revajeetu Builders & Developers v Narayanaswamy & Sons (2009)
- Ramesh B. Desai v Bipin Vadilal Mehta (2006)
- Melepurath Sankunni Ezhuthassan v Thekittil Gopalankutty Nair (1986)
- Balraj Taneja v Sunil Madan (1999)
- Ghan Shyam Das v Anant Kumar Sinha (1991)
- Sangram Singh v Election Tribunal, Kotah (1955)
- G.P. Srivastava v R.K. Raizada (2000)
- Makhanlal Bangal v Manas Bhunia (2001)
- Nedunuri Kameswaramma v Sampati Subba Rao (1963)
- Uttam Singh Duggal & Co. v United Bank of India (2000)
- Custodian, Branches of BANCO National Ultramarino v Nalini Bai Naique (1989)
- Byram Pestonji Gariwala v Union Bank of India (1992)
- Hulas Rai Baij Nath v Firm K.B. Bass & Co. (1968)
- Shah Babulal Khimji v Jayaben D. Kania (1981)
- Jolly George Verghese v Bank of Cochin (1980)
- Dalpat Kumar v Prahlad Singh (1992)
- Manohar Lal Chopra v Rai Bahadur Rao Raja Seth Hiralal (1962)
- Bihari Chowdhary v State of Bihar (1984)
- Ganga Bai v Vijay Kumar (1974)
- Salem Advocate Bar Association v Union of India (2005)
- Rashid-un-Nisa v Muhammad Ismail Khan (1909)
- Union Bank of India v Khader International Construction (2001)
- Gujarat Bottling Co v Coca Cola Co (1995)
- T. Krishnaswamy Chetty v C. Thangavelu Chetty (1955)
- Santosh Hazari v Purushottam Tiwari (2001)
- Major S.S. Khanna v Brig. F.J. Dillon (1964)
- Raman Tech & Process Engineering Co v Solanki Traders (2008)
- K.K. Velusamy v N. Palanisamy (2011)
- Phoolchand v Gopal Lal (1967)
- Collector, Land Acquisition, Anantnag v Mst. Katiji (1987)
- N. Balakrishnan v M. Krishnamurthy (1998)
- Sampuran Singh v Niranjan Kaur (1999)
- Karnataka Board of Wakf v Government of India (2004)
- Basawaraj v Special Land Acquisition Officer (2013)
- Punjab National Bank v Surendra Prasad Sinha (1992)
- Shapoor Fredoom Mazda v Durga Prosad Chamaria (1961)
- Ravinder Kaur Grewal v Manjit Kaur (2019)
- P.T. Munichikkanna Reddy v Revamma (2007)
- Consolidated Engineering Enterprises v Principal Secretary, Irrigation Department (2008)
✏️ Practice
- 10 Solved Problems (IRAC Method) — KSLU-style problems worked in full
- KSLU Past Questions & Exam Topics
Download the CPC & Limitation Act Complete Bundle + Question Bank — ₹199 — the full study notes plus a Question Bank of model answers (essays + problems) for every previously-asked KSLU question, in one printable PDF for all 5 units.
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