Free Consent — Sections 13–22 — KSLU Contract 1 Notes
Free Consent — Sections 13–22
Consent is consensus ad idem (S.13); it is free (S.14) when not caused by coercion (15), undue influence (16), fraud (17), misrepresentation (18), or mistake (20–22).
| Vitiating factor | Effect on the agreement |
|---|---|
| Coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation | Voidable at the option of the aggrieved party (Ss.19, 19A) |
| Bilateral mistake of fact essential to the agreement | Void (S.20) |
| Unilateral mistake / mistake of law | Generally no effect |
Coercion (S.15) — committing or threatening a forbidden act (IPC) to obtain consent. Undue influence (S.16) — a party in a position to dominate the will uses it to gain an unfair advantage (the burden shifts to the dominant party). Fraud (S.17) — a false representation made knowingly/recklessly to deceive; misrepresentation (S.18) — an innocent false statement. Mistake — a bilateral mistake of an essential fact makes the agreement void.