Law of Treaties — VCLT 1969 — KSLU Pil Notes

Law of Treaties — VCLT 1969

flowchart LR
    T[Treaty Making Process] --> NEG[Negotiation]
    NEG --> ADOPT[Adoption of Text]
    ADOPT --> AUTH[Authentication - Signing]
    AUTH --> RATIFY[Ratification by State]
    RATIFY --> ENTER[Entry into Force]
    ENTER --> RESERVE[Reservations Possible - Art 19]
    ENTER --> AMEND[Amendment / Modification - Art 39]
    ENTER --> TERM[Termination]
    TERM --> T1[Consent of all parties]
    TERM --> T2[Material breach - Art 60]
    TERM --> T3[Impossibility - Art 61]
    TERM --> T4[Rebus sic stantibus - Art 62]

Key VCLT Principles

Principle	Article	Meaning
Pacta sunt servanda	Art 26	Every treaty in force is binding — perform in good faith
Rebus sic stantibus	Art 62	Fundamental change of circumstances — narrow ground for termination
Coercion voids treaty	Art 51–52	Treaty obtained by threat or use of force is void
Jus cogens conflict	Art 53	Treaty conflicting with peremptory norm is void ab initio
Pacta tertiis	Art 34	Treaty cannot bind third States without their consent
Reservations test	Art 19	Reservation must be compatible with object and purpose of treaty