https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I notes for LL.B. — concept & justification of IP, the international framework (Paris, Berne, TRIPS, WIPO), copyright, patents, and the law of trademarks & geographical indications. Full topic notes, landmark cases and solved IRAC problems. Hugo en-us https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/solved-problems/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/solved-problems/ Ten Intellectual Property Rights I exam problems solved in the IRAC method — Issue, Rule, Analysis, Conclusion — with full model answers, spanning all five units. https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/past-questions/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/past-questions/ KSLU previous-year question papers for Intellectual Property Rights I — unit-wise and topic-wise questions and frequency. https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/concept-of-property-industrial-and-non-industrial-property/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/concept-of-property-industrial-and-non-industrial-property/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Concept of property; industrial and non-industrial property. You own what you make. Because an invention or a brand is the 'work of the hands' of the mind, the law treats it as property — a bundle… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/meaning-nature-and-different-forms-kinds-of-intellectual-property/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/meaning-nature-and-different-forms-kinds-of-intellectual-property/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Meaning, nature and different forms/kinds of Intellectual Property. IP is any right that comes from using your brain — inventing, branding, writing, designing. WIPO's list just names the boxes:… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/historical-background-growth-and-justification-of-ipr/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/historical-background-growth-and-justification-of-ipr/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Historical background, growth and justification of IPR. Left unprotected, ideas are copied for free and creators earn nothing, so fewer ideas get made. IP law adds a money incentive to talent —… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/meaning-definition-and-object-of-patent-principles-underlying-patent-law/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/meaning-definition-and-object-of-patent-principles-underlying-patent-law/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Meaning, definition and object of patent; principles underlying patent law. A patent is a 20-year 'keep-off' right over a genuinely new and useful invention, given only because the inventor agrees… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/scope-and-salient-features-of-the-patents-act-1970-with-2005-amendment/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/scope-and-salient-features-of-the-patents-act-1970-with-2005-amendment/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Scope and salient features of the Patents Act, 1970 (with 2005 amendment). The 1970 Act is India's patent rulebook. The 2005 amendment's big move was to allow patents on products (like a drug… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/patentable-and-non-patentable-inventions/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/patentable-and-non-patentable-inventions/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Patentable and non-patentable inventions. First check the invention is new, non-obvious and useful. Then run it past the s.3 blacklist and s.4. Many clever inventions — a cure, a surgery method,… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/procedure-to-obtain-a-patent-application-acceptance-grant-who-may-apply/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/procedure-to-obtain-a-patent-application-acceptance-grant-who-may-apply/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Procedure to obtain a patent — application, acceptance, grant; who may apply. Only the real inventor (or someone he has assigned to, or his legal heir) can apply. Then the invention travels a fixed… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/specification-provisional-and-complete/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/specification-provisional-and-complete/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Specification — provisional and complete. A provisional specification is 'I have invented something — hold my place in the queue from today.' A complete specification, filed within 12 months, is… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/rights-and-obligations-of-patentee/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/rights-and-obligations-of-patentee/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Rights and obligations of patentee. A patentee can stop others making, using, selling or importing the invention, and can licence or sell the patent — but must actually work it in India, pay renewal… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/transfer-of-patent-rights-assignment-and-licensing/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/transfer-of-patent-rights-assignment-and-licensing/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Transfer of patent rights — assignment and licensing. Assignment sells the patent; a licence rents it. Both must be in writing and registered. If a patent has co-owners, none of them can sell his… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/compulsory-licences/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/compulsory-licences/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Compulsory licences. If a patentee, three years after grant, is not meeting public demand, is charging too much, or is not making the product in India, the Controller can let someone else make it —… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/government-use-acquisition-of-patented-inventions/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/government-use-acquisition-of-patented-inventions/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Government use / acquisition of patented inventions. The Government can use your patent for public purposes and pay you (government use, s.100), or take over the patent completely by notification… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/revocation-and-surrender-of-patents/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/revocation-and-surrender-of-patents/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Revocation and surrender of patents. Surrender is the owner voluntarily handing the patent back (s.63). Revocation is a court cancelling it (s.64) because it should never have been granted — it was… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/infringement-of-patents-and-remedies/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/infringement-of-patents-and-remedies/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Infringement of patents and remedies. Infringement is anyone doing what only the patentee may do (make, use, sell, import the invention) without permission — measured against the patent's claims.… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/patent-agent/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/patent-agent/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Patent agent. A patent agent is a qualified professional — Indian citizen, 21+, science/engineering degree, passed the exam — who alone may draft patent specifications and act before the Patent… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/product-patent-and-process-patent/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/product-patent-and-process-patent/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Product patent and process patent. A process patent guards the recipe; a product patent guards the dish no matter whose recipe made it. India switched from recipe-only (for drugs and food) to… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/opposition-proceedings-to-grant-of-patents/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/opposition-proceedings-to-grant-of-patents/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Opposition proceedings to grant of patents. There are two chances to block a patent. Before it is granted, anybody can object (s.25(1)). After grant, only someone with a real interest can object,… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/register-of-patents-and-patent-office/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/register-of-patents-and-patent-office/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Register of patents and Patent Office. The Patent Office runs the patent system; the Register of Patents (s.67) is its public logbook of who owns each patent and every dealing with it. Because the… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/offences-and-penalties-under-the-patents-act/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/offences-and-penalties-under-the-patents-act/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Offences and penalties under the Patents Act. Beyond suing infringers, the Act punishes cheating about patents — falsely calling a product 'patented' (s.120), misusing the words 'patent office'… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/meaning-definition-functions-and-essential-features-of-a-trade-mark-kinds-forms/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/meaning-definition-functions-and-essential-features-of-a-trade-mark-kinds-forms/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Meaning, definition, functions and essential features of a trade mark; kinds/forms. A trade mark is any sign that says 'this comes from us'. It works by being distinctive — the more it merely… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/overview-and-salient-features-of-the-trade-marks-act-1999-evolution/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/overview-and-salient-features-of-the-trade-marks-act-1999-evolution/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Overview and salient features of the Trade Marks Act, 1999; evolution. The 1999 Act modernised Indian trade-mark law for a TRIPS world: it added service marks and well-known-mark protection, merged… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/registration-of-trade-marks-procedure-effects-property-in-a-mark-registrar/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/registration-of-trade-marks-procedure-effects-property-in-a-mark-registrar/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Registration of trade marks — procedure, effects, property in a mark, Registrar. Apply → examine → advertise → (opposition window) → register. The pay-off (s.28) is an exclusive, India-wide right to… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/grounds-for-refusal-of-registration-absolute-and-relative-grounds/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/grounds-for-refusal-of-registration-absolute-and-relative-grounds/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Grounds for refusal of registration — absolute and relative grounds. Absolute grounds (s.9) reject a mark for what it is — too descriptive, too generic, deceptive, offensive. Relative grounds (s.11)… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/deceptively-similar-similar-and-nearly-resembling-marks/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/deceptively-similar-similar-and-nearly-resembling-marks/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Deceptively similar / similar and nearly resembling marks. Two marks are 'deceptively similar' if an ordinary buyer with a fuzzy memory might mistake one for the other. Test the sound, the look, the… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/infringement-of-trade-mark-remedies-and-defences/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/infringement-of-trade-mark-remedies-and-defences/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Infringement of trade mark — remedies and defences. Infringement is unauthorised use of a mark identical or confusingly similar to a registered mark — no need to prove goodwill, the certificate is… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/passing-off-and-its-difference-from-infringement/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/passing-off-and-its-difference-from-infringement/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Passing off (and its difference from infringement). Passing off stops a trader from pretending his goods are yours, protecting the reputation you have built even without registration. Prove three… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/assignment-and-transmission-of-trade-marks/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/assignment-and-transmission-of-trade-marks/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Assignment and transmission of trade marks. You can sell a trade mark (assignment) or it can pass by law (transmission), with or without the underlying goodwill. The catch: the deal is void if it… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/certification-marks-collective-marks-and-well-known-marks/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/certification-marks-collective-marks-and-well-known-marks/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Certification marks, collective marks and well-known marks. Certification mark = a quality stamp given by a neutral body (ISI, AGMARK). Collective mark = a badge shared by members of an association.… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/rectification-of-register/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/rectification-of-register/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Rectification of register. Rectification cleans the Register. Remove a mark that has not been genuinely used for five years and three months (s.47), or one that was wrongly registered or is… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/trade-libel/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/trade-libel/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Trade libel. Trade libel is lying about a competitor's goods, out of malice, in a way that costs him sales. It protects products (not persons), so it is different from defamation, and different… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/cyber-intellectual-property-ip-in-cyberspace-protection-of-cyberspace-under-ipr/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/cyber-intellectual-property-ip-in-cyberspace-protection-of-cyberspace-under-ipr/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Cyber Intellectual Property; IP in cyberspace; protection of cyberspace under IPR. IP was designed for a world where copying was hard. The internet makes copying effortless and global, while IP… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/information-technology-act-2000-salient-features-objectives-jurisdiction-ipr-provisions/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/information-technology-act-2000-salient-features-objectives-jurisdiction-ipr-provisions/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Information Technology Act, 2000 — salient features, objectives, jurisdiction; IPR provisions. The IT Act, 2000 makes electronic records and signatures legally valid, sets up e-governance and… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/cyber-crimes-meaning-categories-classification-emergence/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/cyber-crimes-meaning-categories-classification-emergence/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Cyber crimes — meaning, categories, classification, emergence. A cyber crime is a crime where a computer is either the target or the weapon. The IT Act lists them — tampering with source code… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/domain-names-registration-and-domain-name-disputes/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/domain-names-registration-and-domain-name-disputes/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Domain names — registration and domain name disputes. A domain name is your address and signboard on the internet, registered first-come-first-served through ICANN/NIXI. When someone grabs a name… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/software-patent-copyright-in-software-and-software-piracy/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/software-patent-copyright-in-software-and-software-piracy/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Software patent, copyright in software and software piracy. Software is protected mainly by copyright (it counts as a 'literary work', automatic on creation) and only rarely by a patent — because… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/e-commerce-and-e-contract/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/e-commerce-and-e-contract/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on E-commerce and E-contract. E-commerce is trade done online; an e-contract is a contract made electronically. All the usual contract essentials (offer, acceptance, consideration, consent, capacity,… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/digital-electronic-signature-e-governance-certifying-authority/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/digital-electronic-signature-e-governance-certifying-authority/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Digital / electronic signature; E-governance; certifying authority. A digital signature uses two keys — a private one you keep and a public one others use — to prove a document is really yours and… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/data-protection-in-cyberspace/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/data-protection-in-cyberspace/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Data protection in cyberspace. Data protection makes the companies that hold your personal information responsible for keeping it safe. Under the IT Act, a careless company that leaks sensitive data… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/controller-of-certifying-authorities-powers-and-functions/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/controller-of-certifying-authorities-powers-and-functions/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Controller of Certifying Authorities — powers and functions. The Controller of Certifying Authorities is the top regulator of digital signatures. It licenses the Certifying Authorities, certifies… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/cyber-regulations-appellate-tribunal-crat/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/cyber-regulations-appellate-tribunal-crat/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Cyber Regulations Appellate Tribunal (CRAT). The Cyber Regulations/Appellate Tribunal (s.48) was a specialist forum to hear appeals against orders of the Controller and Adjudicating Officers, within… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/internet-policy-of-government-of-india-internet-service-provider/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/internet-policy-of-government-of-india-internet-service-provider/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Internet policy of Government of India; Internet Service Provider. India's internet policy is a patchwork — the IT Act, the Cyber Security Policy 2013, Digital India, net-neutrality rules and… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/meaning-scope-definition-and-essential-attributes-of-geographical-indications/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/meaning-scope-definition-and-essential-attributes-of-geographical-indications/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Meaning, scope, definition and essential attributes of geographical indications. A GI is a place-name used on goods whose special quality comes from that place — 'Darjeeling' tea, 'Mysore' silk. It… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/salient-features-and-objects-of-the-gi-act-1999/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/salient-features-and-objects-of-the-gi-act-1999/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Salient features and objects of the GI Act, 1999. The GI Act, 1999 (in force 2003) was passed to meet TRIPS and to protect India's origin-linked goods. Its key features: a two-part register (GIs and… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/registration-of-gi-procedure-conditions-who-may-apply-prohibitions/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/registration-of-gi-procedure-conditions-who-may-apply-prohibitions/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Registration of GI — procedure, conditions, who may apply, prohibitions. Only a producers' association or an authority representing the region's producers may apply — never a single person for his… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/right-to-use-gi-rights-of-registered-proprietor-authorised-user-devolution/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/right-to-use-gi-rights-of-registered-proprietor-authorised-user-devolution/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Right to use GI; rights of registered proprietor / authorised user; devolution. A GI is used by the registered proprietor (the producers' body) and by authorised users (the individual producers).… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/infringement-of-gi-misleading-use-and-remedies/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/infringement-of-gi-misleading-use-and-remedies/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Infringement of GI, misleading use and remedies. A GI is infringed when someone who is not an authorised user puts the name on goods that did not really come from that place, misleading buyers about… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/offences-and-penalties-under-the-gi-act/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/offences-and-penalties-under-the-gi-act/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Offences and penalties under the GI Act. Misusing a GI is a crime, not just a civil wrong. Falsifying or falsely applying a GI (s.38), applying a false GI (s.39), or selling goods carrying a false… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/registrar-of-geographical-indications-role-and-functions/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/registrar-of-geographical-indications-role-and-functions/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Registrar of Geographical Indications — role and functions. The Registrar of Geographical Indications (the Controller-General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks, with the Registry at Chennai) runs… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/difference-conflict-between-gi-and-trade-marks/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/difference-conflict-between-gi-and-trade-marks/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Difference / conflict between GI and Trade Marks. A trade mark points to a seller and can be owned and sold by one person; a GI points to a place and belongs to the region's producers, who cannot… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/important-registered-geographical-indications-of-india-incl-basmati/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/important-registered-geographical-indications-of-india-incl-basmati/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Important / registered geographical indications of India (incl. Basmati). India protects hundreds of origin-linked goods — Darjeeling tea (its first GI, 2004), Mysore silk, Kanchipuram silk, Basmati… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/position-of-gi-under-the-trips-agreement/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/position-of-gi-under-the-trips-agreement/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Position of GI under the TRIPS Agreement. TRIPS (1994, in force 1995) made GI protection compulsory for WTO members and is why India passed the GI Act. Article 22 gives all goods basic protection… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/paris-convention-background-salient-features-national-treatment/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/paris-convention-background-salient-features-national-treatment/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Paris Convention — background, salient features, national treatment. The Paris Convention (1883) is the foundation of international IP. Its two great rules are: national treatment — a member country… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/patent-cooperation-treaty-pct-background-objectives-salient-features/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/patent-cooperation-treaty-pct-background-objectives-salient-features/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) — background, objectives, salient features. The PCT (1970, in force 1978) lets you file one international patent application that counts in all member countries at… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/madrid-convention-protocol-international-registration-of-marks/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/madrid-convention-protocol-international-registration-of-marks/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on Madrid Convention / Protocol — international registration of marks. The Madrid System (Agreement 1891 + Protocol 1989) lets a brand owner protect a trade mark in many countries through one… https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/wipo-background-organs-functions-and-role/ Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000 https://medha-academy.in/subjects/ipr-1/wipo-background-organs-functions-and-role/ Free Intellectual Property Rights I LL.B. notes on WIPO — background, organs, functions and role. WIPO is the UN's specialised agency for intellectual property, created by the 1967 Convention (in force 1970), based in Geneva, a UN agency since 1974.…