Public Interest Litigation (PIL) — KSLU Hr Notes

Public Interest Litigation (PIL)

flowchart TD
    PIL["Public Interest Litigation — PIL"]:::root
    PIL --> OR["Origin — Justice P.N. Bhagwati and Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer — 1970s–80s"]:::section
    PIL --> FT["Features"]:::section
    FT --> F1["Locus standi relaxed — any public-spirited person can file"]:::feat
    FT --> F2["Letter or postcard can be treated as writ petition"]:::feat
    FT --> F3["Socio-economic rights enforcement — bonded labour, prisoners"]:::feat
    FT --> F4["Court appoints Commissioner to investigate"]:::feat
    FT --> F5["Continuing mandamus — court monitors implementation"]:::feat
    PIL --> KEY["Key Cases"]:::section
    KEY --> K1["Hussainara Khatoon 1979 — undertrial prisoners — Art. 21"]:::case
    KEY --> K2["Bandhua Mukti Morcha 1984 — bonded labour"]:::case
    KEY --> K3["Vishaka 1997 — sexual harassment at workplace"]:::case
    KEY --> K4["M.C. Mehta series — environment and Art. 21"]:::case
    KEY --> K5["NALSA v. UoI 2014 — transgender rights — Art. 14, 19, 21"]:::case

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