Inter-American System — ACHR 1969 — KSLU Hr Notes

Inter-American System — ACHR 1969

American Convention on Human Rights (Pact of San José) — adopted 22 November 1969; entered into force 18 July 1978. Framework of the Organization of American States (OAS).

flowchart TD
    OAS["OAS — Organization of American States"]:::root
    OAS --> IACHR["Inter-American Commission on Human Rights — Washington DC"]:::body
    OAS --> IACtHR["Inter-American Court of Human Rights — San José, Costa Rica"]:::court
    IACHR --> F1["Receives petitions from individuals and groups"]:::fn
    IACHR --> F2["Conducts country visits and thematic reports"]:::fn
    IACHR --> F3["Refers cases to the Court"]:::fn
    IACtHR --> C1["Contentious jurisdiction — binding judgments"]:::fn
    IACtHR --> C2["Advisory jurisdiction — non-binding opinions"]:::fn
    IACtHR --> C3["Provisional measures — urgent protection"]:::fn

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    classDef body fill:#FFD700,stroke:#8B6914,color:#000;
    classDef court fill:#FFF0C0,stroke:#8B6914,color:#000;
    classDef fn fill:#FFFACD,stroke:#8B6914,color:#000;
    linkStyle default stroke:#888,stroke-width:1px;

Key ACHR Features

FeatureDetail
Adopted1969 — San José, Costa Rica
In force1978
Parties25 American States (USA has signed but not ratified)
RightsCivil and political (Arts. 1–32); duties of persons
Protocol of San Salvador (1988)Added ESC rights — education, health, trade unions
Art. 4Right to life — “from the moment of conception”
Art. 27Derogation clause — Art. 3 (juridical personality) is non-derogable

Landmark Inter-American Cases

CaseHolding
Velásquez Rodríguez v. Honduras (1988)First contentious case — State responsible for enforced disappearances even by non-State actors
Saramaka People v. Suriname (2007)Indigenous peoples’ land rights — prior consultation required
Artavia Murillo v. Costa Rica (2012)Right to reproductive autonomy — IVF ban violated ACHR

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