Inter-American System — ACHR 1969 — KSLU Hr Notes
Inter-American System — ACHR 1969
American Convention on Human Rights (Pact of San José) — adopted 22 November 1969; entered into force 18 July 1978. Framework of the Organization of American States (OAS).
flowchart TD
OAS["OAS — Organization of American States"]:::root
OAS --> IACHR["Inter-American Commission on Human Rights — Washington DC"]:::body
OAS --> IACtHR["Inter-American Court of Human Rights — San José, Costa Rica"]:::court
IACHR --> F1["Receives petitions from individuals and groups"]:::fn
IACHR --> F2["Conducts country visits and thematic reports"]:::fn
IACHR --> F3["Refers cases to the Court"]:::fn
IACtHR --> C1["Contentious jurisdiction — binding judgments"]:::fn
IACtHR --> C2["Advisory jurisdiction — non-binding opinions"]:::fn
IACtHR --> C3["Provisional measures — urgent protection"]:::fn
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classDef fn fill:#FFFACD,stroke:#8B6914,color:#000;
linkStyle default stroke:#888,stroke-width:1px;Key ACHR Features
| Feature | Detail |
|---|---|
| Adopted | 1969 — San José, Costa Rica |
| In force | 1978 |
| Parties | 25 American States (USA has signed but not ratified) |
| Rights | Civil and political (Arts. 1–32); duties of persons |
| Protocol of San Salvador (1988) | Added ESC rights — education, health, trade unions |
| Art. 4 | Right to life — “from the moment of conception” |
| Art. 27 | Derogation clause — Art. 3 (juridical personality) is non-derogable |
Landmark Inter-American Cases
| Case | Holding |
|---|---|
| Velásquez Rodríguez v. Honduras (1988) | First contentious case — State responsible for enforced disappearances even by non-State actors |
| Saramaka People v. Suriname (2007) | Indigenous peoples’ land rights — prior consultation required |
| Artavia Murillo v. Costa Rica (2012) | Right to reproductive autonomy — IVF ban violated ACHR |