European System — ECHR 1950 — KSLU Hr Notes
European System — ECHR 1950
European Convention on Human Rights — signed 4 November 1950; entered into force 3 September 1953. Managed by the Council of Europe (not the EU).
flowchart TD
EC["European Convention on Human Rights 1950"]:::root
EC --> RTS["Rights Protected — Arts. 2–14"]:::section
EC --> P1["Protocol 1 — Property, Education, Free Elections"]:::section
EC --> ECtHR["European Court of Human Rights — Strasbourg"]:::court
ECtHR --> IND["Individual Application — Art. 34 — any person, NGO, group"]:::mech
ECtHR --> INTER["Inter-State Application — Art. 33"]:::mech
ECtHR --> ADM["Admissibility — exhaust domestic remedies — Art. 35"]:::mech
ECtHR --> JUST["Just Satisfaction — Art. 41 — damages to applicant"]:::mech
ECtHR --> GC["Grand Chamber — 17 judges — for major cases"]:::mech
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linkStyle default stroke:#888,stroke-width:1px;Key ECHR Rights
| Article | Right |
|---|---|
| Art. 2 | Right to life |
| Art. 3 | Prohibition of torture — absolute, no derogation |
| Art. 4 | Prohibition of slavery |
| Art. 5 | Right to liberty and security |
| Art. 6 | Right to a fair trial |
| Art. 7 | No punishment without law |
| Art. 8 | Right to private and family life |
| Art. 9 | Freedom of thought, conscience, religion |
| Art. 10 | Freedom of expression |
| Art. 11 | Freedom of assembly and association |
| Art. 14 | Prohibition of discrimination |
European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)
| Feature | Detail |
|---|---|
| Seat | Strasbourg, France |
| Composition | One judge from each member State (46 judges) |
| Access | Individual right of petition — any person |
| Admissibility | Must exhaust domestic remedies; application within 4 months |
| Landmark cases | Soering v. UK (1989) — extradition to death row; Osman v. UK (1998) — positive duty to protect life; Handyside v. UK (1976) — margin of appreciation |
Art. 15 — Derogation in Emergencies
Any ECHR member may derogate in time of war or other public emergency — but:
- Art. 3 (no torture), Art. 4(1) (no slavery), Art. 7 (no retroactive law) — absolutely non-derogable
- Derogation must be strictly necessary and notified to Secretary-General