KSLU BSA (Law of Evidence) Past Questions & Exam Topics
KSLU BSA (Law of Evidence) Past Questions & Exam Topics
To crack the KSLU exam for BSA (Law of Evidence), analysing past trends is crucial. Below is a unit-wise breakdown of theory and problem questions compiled from KSLU semester papers.
How to read the map:
- ⭐⭐⭐ : Asked 5+ times — Must Cover
- ⭐⭐ : Asked 3–4 times — High Priority
- ⭐ : Asked 1–2 times
[16M]/[10M]: Essay marks[6M]/[SN]: Short notes / brief topics[Prob]: Solved problem fact patterns
📅 Unit 1 — Introduction, Central Conceptions, Closely Connected Facts & Admissions
Topic-wise Questions
| # | Topic | Syllabus § | Questions & Frequency | Freq |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1 | Substantive law vs procedural (adjective) law — where the law of evidence sits | Unit I — Introduction | (never asked) | — |
| 1.2 | Evidence in customary law systems | Unit I — Introduction | (never asked) | — |
| 1.3 | Basic principles of evidence; evidence under civil and criminal procedure (’the rules are in general the same’) | Unit I — Basic Principles | [16M] 2015(100), 2017(100); [10M] 2025(80) | ⭐⭐ |
| 1.4 | Salient features and applicability of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (ss. 1–2) | BSA ss. 1–2 | (never asked) | — |
| 1.5 | Meaning and kinds of evidence — oral/documentary, direct/circumstantial, primary/secondary (s. 2(1)(e), s. 3) | BSA s. 2(1)(e), s. 3 | [16M] 2012(100), 2014(100), 2018(100), 2019(100), 2021(100), 2022(100), Apr 2024(100), Oct 2023(100), Apr 2022(100); [10M] 2022(80), 2023(80), 2025(80), Apr 2024(80), Oct 2023(80); [SN] Feb 2025(100), Apr 2024(80) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 1.6 | Fact, fact in issue and relevant fact; ‘document’; proved, disproved, not proved (s. 2) | BSA s. 2(1) | [16M] 2013(100), Feb 2025(100), Apr 2022(100); [10M] 2026(80); [SN] 2016(100), Apr 2024(80) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 1.7 | Relevancy distinguished from admissibility | Unit I — Central Conceptions | [16M] 2019(100), 2021(100); [SN] 2022(80) | ⭐⭐ |
| 1.8 | ‘May presume’, ‘shall presume’ and ‘conclusive proof’ (s. 2(1)) | BSA s. 2(1)(d),(h),(i) | [16M] 2014(100), 2016(100), Apr 2023(100), Nov 2021(100); [10M] 2025(80); [SN] 2025(80), 2026(80) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 1.9 | Res gestae — facts forming part of the same transaction (s. 4) | BSA s. 4 (IEA s. 6) | [16M] 2012(100), 2015(100), 2016(100), 2017(100), 2019(100), 2020(100), 2021(100), 2022(100), Oct 2023(100), Nov 2021(100); [10M] 2022(80), 2024(80), 2025(80); [SN] 2013(100), 2015(100), 2019(100), Apr 2023(100), Nov 2021(100); [Prob] ×7 — 2013(100), 2018(100), 2021(80), 2025(80), Apr 2024(100), Oct 2023(80) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 1.10 | Facts which are the occasion, cause or effect of facts in issue (s. 5) | BSA s. 5 (IEA s. 7) | [10M] 2023(80); [Prob] ×6 — 2013(100), 2015(100), 2019(100), 2020(100), 2021(80), Oct 2023(80) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 1.11 | Motive, preparation, and previous or subsequent conduct (s. 6) | BSA s. 6 (IEA s. 8) | [16M] 2014(100), 2016(100), 2017(100), 2018(100), Aug 2024(100), Apr 2023(100), Apr 2022(100); [10M] 2021(80), 2024(80), Oct 2023(80); [SN] 2026(80); [Prob] ×14 — 2012(100), 2014(100), 2016(100), 2017(100), 2018(100), 2019(100), 2021(100), 2022(80), 2023(80), 2024(80) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 1.12 | Facts necessary to explain or introduce relevant facts (s. 7) | BSA s. 7 (IEA s. 9) | [16M] 2013(100), 2019(100), Apr 2024(100) | ⭐⭐ |
| 1.13 | Things said or done by a conspirator in reference to the common design (s. 8) | BSA s. 8 (IEA s. 10) | (never asked) | — |
| 1.14 | When facts not otherwise relevant become relevant — plea of alibi (s. 9) | BSA s. 9 (IEA s. 11) | [16M] 2020(100), Apr 2022(100); [SN] 2014(100), 2017(100), 2019(100), 2021(100), 2025(80); [Prob] ×4 — 2013(100), 2021(80), 2023(80), Oct 2023(100) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 1.15 | Test Identification Parade (ss. 7 & 9) | BSA ss. 7, 9 | [SN] 2018(100), 2022(80), 2025(80) | ⭐⭐ |
| 1.16 | Facts tending to enable the court to determine damages (s. 10) | BSA s. 10 (IEA s. 12) | (never asked) | — |
| 1.17 | Facts relevant when a right or custom is in question (s. 11) | BSA s. 11 (IEA s. 13) | (never asked) | — |
| 1.18 | Facts showing state of mind or state of body; acts accidental or intentional (ss. 12–13) | BSA ss. 12–13 (IEA ss. 14–15) | [16M] 2015(100); [10M] 2022(80); [Prob] ×5 — 2012(100), 2022(100), 2024(80), 2025(80) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 1.19 | Existence of course of business, when relevant (s. 14) | BSA s. 14 (IEA s. 16) | (never asked) | — |
| 1.20 | Admissions — definition; persons whose admissions are relevant (ss. 15–18) | BSA ss. 15–18 (IEA ss. 17–20) | [16M] 2012(100), 2013(100), 2015(100), 2017(100), 2019(100), 2021(100), Feb 2025(100), Aug 2024(100), Nov 2021(100); [10M] 2021(80), 2025(80), 2026(80), Apr 2024(80); [SN] 2016(100); [Prob] ×2 — 2012(100), 2020(100) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 1.21 | Proof and evidentiary value of admissions; oral admissions as to documents; privileged (‘without prejudice’) admissions; admission not conclusive but may estop (ss. 19–21, 25) | BSA ss. 19–21, 25 | [16M] 2014(100); [Prob] ×1 — 2022(80) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐ |
| 1.22 | Admission distinguished from confession | BSA ss. 15 & 22–24 | [16M] 2012(100), 2014(100), 2015(100), 2020(100); [10M] 2022(80), 2023(80) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
📅 Unit 2 — Confessions, Dying Declarations, Relevance of Judgments & Expert Testimony
Topic-wise Questions
| # | Topic | Syllabus § | Questions & Frequency | Freq |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.1 | Confession — meaning, forms, relevancy and admissibility; confession caused by inducement, threat or promise (ss. 22–23) | BSA ss. 22–23 (IEA ss. 24–26) | [16M] 2012(100), 2016(100), 2018(100), Apr 2024(100), Apr 2023(100), Apr 2022(100); [10M] 2024(80), 2025(80); [SN] 2021(100), Oct 2023(100), Apr 2024(80) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 2.2 | Confession to a police officer; confession in police custody; information received from an accused in custody leading to discovery (s. 23 and its proviso) | BSA s. 23 (IEA ss. 25–27) | [16M] 2013(100), 2017(100); [10M] 2021(80); [SN] 2026(80); [Prob] ×11 — 2012(100), 2013(100), 2014(100), 2015(100), 2016(100), 2018(100), 2021(100), 2022(80), 2024(80), Aug 2024(100) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 2.3 | Confession of a co-accused (s. 24) | BSA s. 24 (IEA s. 30) | [16M] 2018(100); [10M] 2022(80); [SN] 2017(100), 2018(100), 2019(100), 2021(100), 2025(80); [Prob] ×10 — 2012(100), 2013(100), 2016(100), 2017(100), 2019(100), 2021(100), Feb 2025(100), Apr 2023(100), Nov 2021(100), Oct 2023(80) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 2.4 | Extra-judicial confession and retracted confession — grounds of acceptance and rejection | BSA ss. 22–23 | [16M] 2022(100); [SN] 2025(80); [Prob] ×1 — 2017(100) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐ |
| 2.5 | Dying declaration — justification for relevance, judicial standards and evidentiary value, compared with English law (s. 26(a)) | BSA s. 26(a) (IEA s. 32(1)) | [16M] 2013(100), 2015(100), 2017(100), 2018(100), 2019(100), 2021(100); [10M] 2021(80), 2025(80), 2026(80), Oct 2023(80); [SN] 2017(100), 2020(100), 2022(100), Apr 2024(100), Apr 2024(80); [Prob] ×8 — 2014(100), 2018(100), 2021(80), 2022(80), 2025(80), Aug 2024(100), Apr 2022(100) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 2.6 | Other statements by persons who cannot be called as witnesses (s. 26(b)–(h)) | BSA s. 26(b)–(h) (IEA s. 32(2)–(8)) | [16M] 2014(100); [Prob] ×4 — 2013(100), 2015(100), Apr 2023(100), Oct 2023(80) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 2.7 | Statements under special circumstances — entries in books of account, public records, maps, law books (ss. 28–33) | BSA ss. 28–33 (IEA ss. 34–39) | [Prob] ×2 — 2016(100), 2023(80) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐ |
| 2.8 | Relevance of judgments — general principle and exceptions (ss. 34–38) | BSA ss. 34–38 (IEA ss. 40–44) | [16M] 2012(100), 2013(100), 2015(100), Feb 2025(100), Oct 2023(100); [10M] 2023(80), 2024(80), 2025(80), 2026(80), Apr 2024(80), Oct 2023(80); [SN] 2025(80); [Prob] ×2 — 2022(100), Apr 2022(100) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 2.9 | Expert testimony — who is an expert, types of expert evidence, evidentiary value; Examiner of Electronic Evidence (s. 39) — see also §3.7: the tape-recording / electronic-record problems asked in the Unit-II slot are answered there | BSA s. 39 (IEA ss. 45, 45A) | [16M] 2012(100), 2014(100), 2016(100), 2017(100), 2019(100), 2020(100), 2021(100), 2022(100), Apr 2024(100), Oct 2023(100), Nov 2021(100); [10M] 2022(80), 2024(80), Apr 2024(80); [SN] 2015(100), 2021(100), 2025(80), Feb 2025(100); [Prob] ×3 — 2014(100), 2021(80), 2023(80) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 2.10 | Opinion as to relationship expressed by conduct — the “always treated as the legitimate son” / “received and treated as husband and wife” problems (s. 44) | BSA s. 44 (IEA s. 50) | [Prob] ×8 — 2012(100), 2013(100), 2017(100), 2019(100), 2021(100), 2025(80), Nov 2021(100) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 2.11 | Other opinion evidence — opinion as to handwriting and digital signature, custom, usages and tenets; grounds of opinion (ss. 40–43, 45) | BSA ss. 40–43, 45 (IEA ss. 46–49, 51) | (never asked in the 38-paper corpus — the one handwriting/signature question, cLawEvidence_Nov202280:Q3a-OR, is about proof of a document and is mapped at U3 §3.8) |
— |
| 2.12 | Admission distinguished from confession — (asked in the Unit-II slot; the definition of admission is a Unit-I topic; fully mapped at §1.22) | BSA ss. 15 & 22–24 | (four of the six essays are printed in the Unit-II slot — eLawEvidence_Jun2014100:Q2a, qLawEvidence_Dec2020100:Q2, bLawEvidence_Apr202280:Q2a, dLawEvidence_Apr202380:Q2a-OR — every question is mapped at §1.22 in the Unit 1 map) |
⭐⭐⭐ |
📅 Unit 3 — Character Evidence, Facts Not Requiring Proof, Oral & Documentary Evidence
Topic-wise Questions
| # | Topic | Syllabus § | Questions & Frequency | Freq |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1 | Character evidence — relevance in civil and criminal cases (ss. 46–50) — see also §5.6: the previous-sexual-history point asked as a cross-examination problem is answered there | BSA ss. 46–50 (IEA ss. 52–55) | [16M] 2012(100), 2014(100), 2015(100), 2016(100), 2018(100), 2020(100), 2021(100), Aug 2024(100), Apr 2023(100); [10M] 2022(80), 2025(80), Apr 2024(80), Oct 2023(80); [SN] 2013(100), 2017(100), 2022(100), 2025(80); [Prob] ×3 — 2015(100), 2016(100), Feb 2025(100) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 3.2 | Facts which need not be proved — judicial notice (including laws with extra-territorial operation) and admitted facts (ss. 51–53) — also the second limb of tLawEvidence_Nov2022100:Q1, a 16M Unit-I essay mapped at §1.5 |
BSA ss. 51–53 (IEA ss. 56–58) | [16M] 2012(100); [10M] 2025(80); [SN] 2026(80) | ⭐⭐ |
| 3.3 | Oral evidence — general principles; ‘oral evidence must be direct’; the hearsay rule and its exceptions (ss. 54–55) | BSA ss. 54–55 (IEA ss. 59–60) | [16M] 2012(100), 2013(100), 2017(100), 2019(100), Feb 2025(100), Aug 2024(100), Oct 2023(100), Apr 2022(100), Nov 2021(100); [10M] 2022(80), 2023(80), 2025(80); [SN] 2012(100), 2025(80), Apr 2023(100), Apr 2024(80), Oct 2023(80), Oct 2023(80); [Prob] ×2 — 2014(100), Oct 2023(100) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 3.4 | Documentary evidence — primary evidence and its scope; electronic and digital records included in primary evidence (ss. 56–57, 59) | BSA ss. 56–57, 59 (IEA ss. 61–62, 64) | [16M] 2015(100), 2016(100), Nov 2021(100); [SN] 2014(100), Apr 2024(80) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 3.5 | Secondary evidence — meaning and the cases in which it is admissible (ss. 58, 60) | BSA ss. 58, 60 (IEA ss. 63, 65) | [16M] 2012(100), 2014(100), 2015(100), 2016(100), 2018(100), 2020(100), 2021(100), 2022(100), Feb 2025(100), Aug 2024(100); [10M] 2021(80), 2023(80), 2024(80), Apr 2024(80); [SN] 2013(100), 2015(100), 2025(80), 2026(80), Nov 2021(100); [Prob] ×2 — 2012(100), 2024(80) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 3.6 | Public and private documents; proof of public documents by certified copies (ss. 74–78) | BSA ss. 74–78 (IEA ss. 74–78) | [16M] 2013(100), 2014(100), 2017(100), 2019(100), Apr 2023(100); [10M] 2025(80), 2026(80), Oct 2023(80); [SN] 2012(100), 2015(100), 2016(100), 2017(100), 2019(100), 2021(80), 2023(80), 2025(80), Nov 2021(100) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 3.7 | Framework for admissibility of electronic or digital records (ss. 61–63) | BSA ss. 61–63 (IEA ss. 65A–65B) | [10M] 2025(80); [SN] 2022(80), 2026(80), Aug 2024(100) | ⭐⭐ |
| 3.8 | Other rules regarding proof of documents — signature and handwriting, attested documents, comparison of signatures (ss. 64–73) | BSA ss. 64–73 (IEA ss. 66–73A) | [10M] 2022(80); [Prob] ×5 — 2012(100), 2014(100), 2022(80), 2024(80), Apr 2023(100) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 3.9 | Presumptions as to documents — ancient documents and the thirty-year rule (ss. 79–93) | BSA ss. 79–93 (IEA ss. 79–90A) | [16M] 2012(100); [SN] Apr 2022(100) | ⭐ |
| 3.10 | Exclusion of oral evidence by documentary evidence; patent and latent ambiguity (ss. 94–103) | BSA ss. 94–103 (IEA ss. 91–100) | [16M] 2014(100), 2018(100), Feb 2025(100), Apr 2024(100); [10M] 2021(80), 2022(80), 2025(80), 2026(80); [SN] 2022(80), Apr 2024(100); [Prob] ×6 — 2013(100), 2015(100), 2020(100), 2022(80), 2023(80), 2025(80) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
📅 Unit 4 — Burden of Proof, Presumptions & Estoppel
Topic-wise Questions
| # | Topic | Syllabus § | Questions & Frequency | Freq |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.1 | Burden of proof — the general conception of onus probandi; on whom it lies; burden as to a particular fact (ss. 104–106) | BSA ss. 104–106 (IEA ss. 101–103) | [16M] 2012(100), 2014(100), 2015(100), 2016(100), 2018(100), 2019(100), 2020(100), 2021(100), Aug 2024(100), Apr 2023(100), Apr 2022(100); [10M] 2021(80), 2022(80), 2023(80), 2025(80), Oct 2023(80); [SN] 2012(100), 2022(100), Apr 2024(100), Apr 2024(80); [Prob] ×5 — 2013(100), 2019(100), 2023(80), 2024(80), Apr 2022(100) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 4.2 | Exceptions to onus probandi — burden of proving that the case falls in an exception (s. 108); facts especially within knowledge (s. 109); good faith where one party is in active confidence (s. 114) | BSA ss. 107–109, 114 (IEA ss. 104–106, 111) | [SN] Oct 2023(80); [Prob] ×10 — 2013(100), 2016(100), 2017(100), 2021(100), 2022(80), 2025(80), 2026(80), Nov 2021(100) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 4.3 | Presumptions generally — kinds of presumption; court may presume the existence of certain facts (s. 119) | BSA ss. 110–113, 119 (IEA ss. 107–110, 114) | [16M] 2012(100); [SN] 2023(80), 2024(80), Feb 2025(100) | ⭐⭐ |
| 4.4 | Presumption as to legitimacy of a child — birth during marriage is conclusive proof (s. 116) | BSA s. 116 (IEA s. 112) | [16M] 2013(100); [SN] 2013(100), 2014(100), 2020(100), 2025(80); [Prob] ×2 — 2022(80), 2026(80) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 4.5 | Presumption as to dowry death (s. 118), abetment of suicide by a married woman (s. 117) and absence of consent in rape (s. 120) — see also §2.5: the suicide-note / cruelty fact-patterns are admitted as dying declarations under s. 26(a) and are answered there | BSA ss. 117, 118, 120 (IEA ss. 113A, 113B, 114A) | [16M] 2012(100), 2013(100), 2014(100), 2015(100), 2018(100), 2019(100), Oct 2023(100); [10M] 2022(80), 2024(80), 2026(80), Apr 2024(80); [SN] 2012(100), 2025(80), Aug 2024(100), Apr 2023(100), Oct 2023(80) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 4.6 | Estoppel — scope, rationale and kinds; estoppel distinguished from res judicata, waiver and presumption (s. 121) — see also §4.8, where the s. 121 landlord-acquiescence problem is worked | BSA s. 121 (IEA s. 115) | [16M] 2012(100), 2013(100), 2016(100), 2017(100), 2018(100), 2019(100), 2021(100), 2022(100), Feb 2025(100), Apr 2024(100), Nov 2021(100); [10M] 2021(80), 2022(80), 2024(80), 2025(80), 2026(80), Apr 2024(80), Oct 2023(80); [SN] 2015(100), 2018(100), 2020(100), Aug 2024(100); [Prob] ×1 — 2012(100) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 4.7 | Equitable and promissory estoppel | BSA s. 121 (judge-made) | [SN] 2012(100) | ⭐ |
| 4.8 | Tenancy estoppel — estoppel of tenant and of licensee of person in possession (s. 122); estoppel of the landlord himself by acquiescence / waiver of a breach (s. 121) — the 2014 problem is answered under s. 121, not s. 122; see §4.6 | BSA ss. 121–122 (IEA ss. 115–116) | [10M] 2023(80); [SN] 2014(100), Apr 2024(80); [Prob] ×1 — 2014(100) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐ |
| 4.9 | Estoppel of acceptor of a bill of exchange, bailee or licensee (s. 123) | BSA s. 123 (IEA s. 117) | [Prob] ×4 — 2013(100), 2018(100), 2021(80), 2022(80) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐ |
| 4.10 | Doctrine of judicial notice — (Unit-IV syllabus repeats it; the sections, ss. 51–53, are Unit-III; fully mapped at §3.2) | BSA ss. 51–53 | (syllabus repeats this in Unit IV; the sections are Unit-III sections — every question is mapped at §3.2 in the Unit 3 map) | ⭐⭐ |
📅 Unit 5 — Witnesses, Privileged Communications, Examination & Cross-Examination
Topic-wise Questions
| # | Topic | Syllabus § | Questions & Frequency | Freq |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.1 | Competence to testify — who may testify; child witness; dumb witness; parties and spouses (ss. 124–127) | BSA ss. 124–127 (IEA ss. 118–121) | [16M] 2012(100), 2013(100); [10M] 2022(80), 2024(80), 2026(80); [SN] 2026(80); [Prob] ×5 — 2013(100), 2014(100), Feb 2025(100), Oct 2023(100), Oct 2023(80) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 5.2 | Privileged communications — scope and kinds (ss. 128–139) | BSA ss. 128–139 (IEA ss. 122–134) | [16M] 2013(100), 2019(100), 2020(100), 2021(100), Apr 2023(100); [10M] 2024(80), 2025(80); [SN] Apr 2022(100) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 5.3 | Communications during marriage — husband and wife (s. 128) | BSA s. 128 (IEA s. 122) | [16M] 2014(100); [10M] 2022(80), Oct 2023(80); [Prob] ×2 — 2025(80), Apr 2024(100) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 5.4 | Professional communications — advocate and client (s. 132; also ss. 133–135) | BSA ss. 132–135 (IEA ss. 126, 128–130) | [16M] 2012(100), 2016(100), 2017(100), 2018(100), 2021(100), Nov 2021(100); [10M] 2021(80), 2023(80), 2025(80), Apr 2024(80); [SN] 2017(100); [Prob] ×8 — 2012(100), 2013(100), 2015(100), 2019(100), 2022(100), 2023(80), 2025(80), Aug 2024(100) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 5.5 | Examination-in-chief, cross-examination and re-examination; order of production and examination of witnesses (ss. 140–143) | BSA ss. 140–143 (IEA ss. 135–138) | [16M] 2012(100), 2013(100), 2015(100), 2018(100), 2020(100), 2021(100), 2022(100), Aug 2024(100); [10M] 2023(80), 2025(80), 2026(80), Oct 2023(80); [SN] 2014(100), 2018(100) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 5.6 | Scope of cross-examination; questions lawful in cross-examination (s. 149); compulsion to answer (ss. 150–151); indecent, scandalous and insulting questions (ss. 154–155); answers testing veracity are final (s. 156) — see also §3.1 (character, s. 48) | BSA ss. 144, 150, 151, 156 (IEA ss. 139, 147, 148, 153) | [16M] 2016(100), Oct 2023(100); [10M] 2021(80), 2025(80), Apr 2024(80); [Prob] ×3 — 2022(80), Apr 2024(100) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 5.7 | Leading questions (s. 146) | BSA s. 146 (IEA ss. 141–143) | [16M] 2012(100), 2013(100), 2014(100), 2017(100), 2019(100), Nov 2021(100); [10M] 2022(80); [SN] 2012(100), 2014(100), 2015(100), 2019(100), 2021(80), 2023(80), 2024(80), 2026(80), Apr 2024(80) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 5.8 | Hostile witness — questions by a party to his own witness (s. 157) | BSA s. 157 (IEA s. 154) | [16M] 2015(100); [SN] 2013(100), 2016(100), 2018(100), 2019(100), 2021(80), 2021(100), 2025(80), Oct 2023(100); [Prob] ×5 — 2013(100), 2021(80), 2022(80), 2025(80), Oct 2023(80) (full facts + decoys in the Application Problems table below) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 5.9 | Impeaching the credit of a witness (s. 158) | BSA s. 158 (IEA s. 155) | [SN] 2012(100), 2014(100), 2024(80) | ⭐⭐ |
| 5.10 | Accomplice and approver’s testimony (s. 138) | BSA s. 138 (IEA s. 133) | [16M] Apr 2024(100); [SN] 2012(100), 2014(100), 2025(80), Apr 2022(100), Apr 2024(80) | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| 5.11 | Questions of corroboration — former statements of a witness (ss. 159–160) | BSA ss. 159–160 (IEA ss. 156–157) | [SN] 2025(80) | ⭐ |
| 5.12 | Power of the Judge to put questions or order production (s. 168) | BSA s. 168 (IEA s. 165) | [SN] 2022(80), Oct 2023(100) | ⭐ |
| 5.13 | Improper admission or rejection of evidence — no new trial (s. 169) | BSA s. 169 (IEA s. 167) | (never asked) | — |
| 5.14 | Number of witnesses — no particular number required (s. 139) | BSA s. 139 (IEA s. 134) | (never asked) | — |
📄 Full BSA (Law of Evidence) notes + Question Bank (₹199) — model answers to every question above, in one printable PDF. Get the bundle · All BSA (Law of Evidence) topics